Theories of the creation of the universe in the ancient Egyptian civilization
Since time immemorial, the ancient Egyptians have tried to learn about the secrets of the universe, to know how the earth was created and life began on it, and to try to understand the sky and the planets that move on it
The doctrines of the people of thought and religion differed in this according to the different environments in which they appeared, and the local deities played an important role in the interpretations of the creation of the universe Every priest somewhere claimed that his local deity is the origin of existence, and therefore several theories for the creation of the universe arose in different places in the country :
1- Theory of On (Ain Shams)
The theory of the city of On (Ain Shams - Heliopolis) was one of the oldest theories about the creation of the universe, as its proponents called for the existence of an ancient, ancient past in which there was no earth, sky, sense, or sensations, but rather absolute non-existence that is occupied only by an infinite watery ocean that has been called (Nun) A divine spirit, Eternal Creator, appeared from him, he is (Atum), he did not find a place to stand on, so he stood on top of a hill, then ascended from it on a stone called (Ben Bin) in Heliopolis in the form of an obelisk symbol of the sun. And he was known as (Shu), and the other was a female assigned to moisture, known as (Tefnut), and by their mating, they in turn gave birth to four gods: (Osir, Iza, Set, and Nephthys) These nine gods were known by the name of (Ninus En) or (The Great Ennead) or (Ninus of Ain Shams) And the theory states that the sky and the earth were attached together and that the god (Shu) the god of the air separated them, so he raised the sky higher and (Jeb) remained on the ground. This theory states that these gods ruled the universe before the god Horus, son of Osiris and Isis
2- Ashmounin Theory:
This theory is attributed to the city of Al-Ashmounin, its ancient name, “Khamno”, meaning the city of eight, and it was the capital of the fifth region of Upper Egypt. In the Greek era, the city was called (Hermopolis), meaning the city of Hermes He is the Greek god corresponding to the Egyptian god Thoth, the god of knowledge Thoth, the god of knowledge and knowledge. The city is located 10 km northwest of Malawi in the Minya Governorate In their interpretation of the creation of the universe, the Ashmounin theorists state that it was a non-existence represented in the eternal water embodied in the god Nun, which was like the properties of eight elements of nature, each pair of which was a male and female deity in the form of frogs and serpents. These eight elements represented darkness. The camp, embodied by (Cook and Cook), the infinite space, embodied by (Houh and Whale), the great depth, embodied by (Tun and Nont), darkness and air, embodied by (Amun and Amunt), and the legend mentions that Amun moved the air with his strength, so he stirred the stagnant water from which the eternal hill consisting of mud emerged, and above the hill, there was A cosmic egg laid by the heavenly goose from which the Bird of Light (Ra) emerged, who withdrew with the appearance of the eight powers of the underworld and left him the task of creating the universe.
3- Manf theory:
This theory is attributed to the city of Memphis, the first capital of unified Egypt, founded by King Narmer (Mena) after the country's unification. It is based on the ruins of the city now, the village of Raheena, Badrashin Center, Giza Governorate Memphis was a major center for the god Ptah, whom its priests considered the creator god of the universe, so the city’s theory indicates that Ptah is the ancient creator god and that the other gods known to humans are a form of Ptah, and they were with the original Ptah, a ninth like the ennead of Ain Shams, and the most important of these created gods are:
Ptah - Nun (the eternal ocean) and Ptah - Nut (the parents of the god Atum) and that this process of creation took place after he created Ptah himself and then created the eternal hill (Tatanen) and then created the gods and placed them in their temples as he created wood, stones, minerals and everything on the surface of the earth Of plants, animals, and others, all of this is done using the heart and the tongue (an idea initiated by the intellect and uttered by the tongue), by which he intended to comprehend the frying and the sacred word.
4- Thebes's Theory
This theory is attributed to the city of Thebes (Wast), the capital of the fourth region of Upper Egypt, which was famous for worshiping the god Amun since the era of the Eleventh Dynasty (a middle state) and also after the expulsion of the Hyksos and the beginning of the New Kingdom.
The proponents of a good theory called for making the god Amun a god before the gods who were created with his power after he created himself by himself and preferred invisibility, as evidenced by his name Amun (the hidden) and that he remained hidden until he begat a son in the form of a snake called (Erta) or he himself and created the earth whose origin is a good city and then The creation of the eight gods who rushed with the river current to settle in Al-Ashmounin, then they arrived after that to Memphis and Heliopolis, so they created its gods, then returned to the city of Thebes again, and Amun merged with other gods And he united as well with the sun god (Ra), so he became Amun - Ra, and the god Amun was considered the spirit of the god Osiris in the solar doctrine, which transforms his body into the underworld, and that Amon visits this body daily in this world supervised by Osiris, and Amon became the husband of the gods death and the father of the god Khonsu, and on this Thala became the main Theban city triad
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